Think Different: real time

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Tuesday

SCADA

SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. It is a system that is used to monitor and control industrial processes. SCADA systems are used in a wide variety of industries, including manufacturing, power generation, and oil and gas.

A SCADA system typically consists of a number of different components, including:

Sensors: Sensors are used to collect data about the industrial process, such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate.
PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers): PLCs are used to control the industrial process based on the data collected by the sensors.
HMI (Human-Machine Interface): The HMI is a computer display that allows the operator of the SCADA system to monitor and control the industrial process.

The SCADA system works by collecting data from the sensors and sending it to the PLCs. The PLCs then use this data to control the industrial process. The operator of the SCADA system can monitor the industrial process and make changes to the control settings using the HMI.

SCADA systems are used in a wide variety of industries, including:

Manufacturing: SCADA systems are used in manufacturing plants to monitor and control the production process.
Power generation: SCADA systems are used in power plants to monitor and control the power generation and distribution process.
Oil and gas: SCADA systems are used in oil and gas facilities to monitor and control the drilling, production, and transportation of oil and gas.

Here are some specific examples of where SCADA systems are used:

In a food processing plant, a SCADA system can be used to monitor and control the temperature of food products as they are being processed.
In a water treatment plant, a SCADA system can be used to monitor and control the levels of chemicals in the water.
In a power grid, a SCADA system can be used to monitor and control the flow of electricity.

SCADA systems are an essential part of modern industrial automation. They allow operators to monitor and control industrial processes from a central location, which can improve efficiency and safety.

Yes, it is possible to use digital twins with SCADA and Modbus for industry. In fact, this is a common combination of technologies that can be used to create powerful and effective industrial automation systems.

Here is a real-life example of how digital twins are being used with SCADA and Modbus in industry:

Example:

A large manufacturing plant uses a digital twin to simulate its production process. The digital twin is connected to the plant's SCADA system, which collects data from sensors throughout the plant. The digital twin then uses this data to create a real-time simulation of the production process.

The plant's operators use the digital twin to monitor the production process and identify potential problems. For example, if the digital twin shows that a machine is about to overheat, the operators can take corrective action before the machine actually overheats and shuts down.

The digital twin is also used to optimize the production process. For example, the operators can use the digital twin to experiment with different production parameters to see how they affect the output of the process. This allows the operators to find the optimal production parameters for maximum efficiency and quality.

MODBUS

Modbus is a serial communication protocol developed by Modicon in 1979 for use with its programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It is a simple and robust protocol that is widely used in industrial automation applications.

Modbus works by using a master-slave architecture. The master device is responsible for initiating all communications and the slave devices are responsible for responding to the master's requests. Modbus messages can be used to read or write data from the slave devices.

Modbus is a request-response protocol. This means that the master device sends a request to the slave device and then waits for the slave device to respond. The slave device then responds to the master device with the requested data or with an error message if the request was not valid.

Modbus is a very versatile protocol and can be used to communicate with a wide variety of devices, including PLCs, sensors, actuators, and other industrial devices. It is also relatively easy to implement and use, which makes it a popular choice for industrial automation applications.

Modbus is used in a variety of industrial applications, including:

Manufacturing
Process control
Building automation
Energy
Transportation
Infrastructure

Here are some specific examples of where Modbus is used:

In a manufacturing plant, Modbus can be used to connect PLCs to sensors and actuators to control the manufacturing process.
In a power plant, Modbus can be used to connect PLCs to sensors and actuators to control the power generation and distribution process.
In a building, Modbus can be used to connect PLCs to sensors and actuators to control the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system.

Modbus is a powerful and versatile communication protocol that is widely used in industrial automation applications. It is simple to implement and use, and it can be used to communicate with a wide variety of devices.

Friday

How to start with real time data analysis

unplush

I can explain how to do real-time IoT sensor data analysis with Arduino Uno, MQTT, Node-RED, and ThingSpeak.

Some details about Arduino Uno, MQTT, and Node-RED:

Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P microcontroller. It is a popular choice for IoT projects because it is relatively inexpensive and easy to use.

MQTT is a lightweight messaging protocol that is often used for IoT applications. It is a publish/subscribe protocol, which means that clients can publish messages to topics and other clients can subscribe to topics to receive messages.

Node-RED is a visual programming tool that can be used to create flows to control IoT devices and visualize data. It is a popular choice for IoT projects because it is easy to learn and use.

Here are some links to learn more about these technologies:

Arduino Uno: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardUno
MQTT: https://mqtt.org/
Node-RED: https://nodered.org/

The following are the steps involved:

Connect the sensors to the Arduino Uno. The sensors will need to be connected to the Arduino Uno’s digital or analogue pins.
Write the Arduino code to read the sensor data and publish it to MQTT. The Arduino code will need to use the MQTT client library to publish the sensor data to an MQTT broker.
Configure the MQTT broker. The MQTT broker will need to be configured to accept messages from the Arduino.
Create a Node-RED flow to subscribe to the MQTT topic and visualize the data. Node-RED is a visual programming tool that can be used to create flows to subscribe to MQTT topics and visualize the data.
Create a ThingSpeak channel to store the data. ThingSpeak is a data analytics platform that can store and visualize data.

Switch configuration:

Here is an example of how to do this:

Connect a temperature sensor to the Arduino Uno’s analogue pin A0.
Write the Arduino code to read the temperature sensor data and publish it to MQTT. The code would look something like this:

#include <MQTTClient.h>

const char* ssid = "your_ssid";
const char* password = "your_password";
const char* mqtt_server = "your_mqtt_server";
const int mqtt_port = 1883;

MQTTClient client;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while (!Serial);

  client.begin(mqtt_server, mqtt_port, ssid, password);
  client.onMessageReceived(messageReceived);
}

void loop() {
  client.loop();
}

void messageReceived(MQTTClient* client, char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) {
  Serial.print("Received message on topic: ");
  Serial.println(topic);
  Serial.print("Message: ");
  for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
    Serial.print((char)payload[i]);
  }
  Serial.println();
}

void publishTemperature() {
  float temperature = analogRead(A0) / 1023.0 * 5.0;
  char temperature_str[10];
  dtostrf(temperature, 1, 2, temperature_str);
  client.publish("temperature", temperature_str);
}

void setup() {
  ...
}

void loop() {
  publishTemperature();
  delay(1000);
}

Configure the MQTT broker to accept messages from the Arduino. The MQTT broker configuration will depend on the specific broker that you are using.
Create a Node-RED flow to subscribe to the MQTT topic and visualize the data. The Node-RED flow would look something like this:

[mqtt in]
topic: temperature

[debug]
message: payload

Create a ThingSpeak channel to store the data. The ThingSpeak channel configuration will depend on the specific channel that you are creating.

Once you have completed these steps, you can see the sensor data in real time in Node-RED and ThingSpeak.

To send data from an Arduino Uno to a server using an ESP8266 module, you can follow these steps. In this example, we'll assume you're using the ESP8266 module as a Wi-Fi module and want to send data via HTTP.

1. Connect Arduino Uno and ESP8266:

- Connect the Arduino Uno to the ESP8266 using serial communication (UART). You will need to cross-connect the TX and RX pins. Ensure that both devices share a common ground.

2. Program the ESP8266:

- Use the Arduino IDE to program the ESP8266 module. You can use the ESP8266 AT firmware and send AT commands from the Arduino Uno to configure the ESP8266.

- Upload a basic script to the ESP8266 that sets it up as a Wi-Fi client and connects to your Wi-Fi network. You'll need to provide your network SSID and password.

- You can use the `SoftwareSerial` library on the Arduino Uno to communicate with the ESP8266 via AT commands.

3. Send Data from Arduino to ESP8266:

- In your Arduino code, you can read data from the DHT22 temperature sensor and the voltage sensor.

- Use the `Serial` library to send data to the ESP8266 via the serial connection. For example, you might send a string with the sensor values as a JSON payload.

<code>

```arduino

#include <DHT.h>

#define DHTPIN 2 // Digital pin connected to the DHT22 sensor

#define DHTTYPE DHT22

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

dht.begin();

}

void loop() {

// Read temperature and humidity from DHT22

float temperature = dht.readTemperature();

float humidity = dht.readHumidity();

// Read voltage from your voltage sensor

float voltage = analogRead(A0) * 0.0048828125; // Adjust this value based on your sensor calibration

// Create a JSON string with the sensor values

String data = "{\"temperature\":" + String(temperature, 2) + ",\"humidity\":" + String(humidity, 2) + ",\"voltage\":" + String(voltage, 2) + "}";

// Send the data to the ESP8266

Serial.println(data);

delay(5000); // Delay for 5 seconds before the next reading

}

```

</code>

<code>

Another code example below.

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

#include <DHT.h>

#include <TimeLib.h>

#include <DS1307RTC.h>

#include <EmonLib.h>

EnergyMonitor emon1;

#define DHTPIN 4 // Define the DHT sensor pin

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHT22);

const char* ssid = "Your_SSID";

const char* password = "Your_Password";

const char* host = "flask-bot-xabor.amvera.io";

const int port = 80;

const char* apiKey = "Your_API_Key";

void setup() {

Serial.begin(115200);

WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {

delay(1000);

Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");

}

dht.begin();

emon1.current(0, 60); // Setup emon library

emon1.voltage(AC_VOLTAGE, 235, 1.7);

setSyncProvider(RTC.get);

}

void loop() {

float supplyVoltage = emon1.Vrms;

float humidity = dht.readHumidity();

float temperature = dht.readTemperature();

int rssi = WiFi.RSSI();

if (isnan(humidity) || isnan(temperature)) {

Serial.println("DHT sensor reading error.");

delay(10000);

return;

}

Serial.print("Humidity: ");

Serial.println(humidity);

Serial.print("Temperature: ");

Serial.println(temperature);

Serial.print("Voltage: ");

Serial.println(supplyVoltage);

Serial.print("RSSI: ");

Serial.println(rssi);

if (timeStatus() == timeSet && now() % 30 == 0) {

sendData(humidity, temperature, supplyVoltage);

getRSSI();

}

void sendData(float humidity, float temperature, float supplyVoltage) {

String url = "/update?api_key=" + String(apiKey) + "&field1=" + String(humidity) + "&field2=" + String(temperature) + "&field3=" + String(supplyVoltage);

String request = "GET " + url + " HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: " + host + "\r\n\r\n";

Serial.println("Connecting to server...");

WiFiClient client;

if (client.connect(host, port)) {

Serial.println("Connected to server");

client.print(request);

while (client.connected()) {

if (client.available()) {

String line = client.readStringUntil('\r');

Serial.print(line);

}

client.stop();

Serial.println("Connection closed");

} else {

Serial.println("Connection to server failed.");

}

void getRSSI() {

int rssi = WiFi.RSSI();

Serial.println("RSSI: " + String(rssi));

delay(1000);

}

</code>

4. ESP8266 to Server Communication:

- On the ESP8266, you need to write code to receive data from the Arduino Uno and send it to your server via an HTTP POST request. You can use the ESP8266WiFi and ESP8266HTTPClient libraries to do this.

- The ESP8266 should parse the data from the Arduino, connect to your server's endpoint, and send the data in the format expected by your server.

Here's an example of how to send an HTTP POST request from the ESP8266:

```arduino

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

#include <ESP8266HTTPClient.h>

const char* ssid = "YourSSID";

const char* password = "YourPassword";

const char* serverURL = "https://yourserver.com/api/endpoint"; // Replace with your server's URL

void setup() {

Serial.begin(115200);

WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {

delay(1000);

Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");

}

void loop() {

if (Serial.available()) {

String data = Serial.readStringUntil('\n');

HTTPClient http;

http.begin(serverURL);

http.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");

int httpResponseCode = http.POST(data);

if (httpResponseCode > 0) {

String response = http.getString();

Serial.println("HTTP Response Code: " + String(httpResponseCode));

Serial.println("Server response: " + response);

} else {

Serial.println("HTTP Error");

}

http.end();

}

```

5. Server-Side Handling:

- Ensure that your server is set up to receive and process the data sent by the ESP8266.

- The server should expect POST requests with JSON payloads, parse the data, and store it or perform any required actions.

6. Monitor Serial Output:

- Debug and monitor the serial output from both the Arduino Uno and ESP8266 to identify any issues.

Remember to adapt the code to your specific needs and hardware connections. Ensure that you have the necessary libraries installed in your Arduino IDE, including ESP8266 libraries and DHT sensor libraries if required. Additionally, replace placeholders like "YourSSID," "YourPassword," and "https://yourserver.com/api/endpoint" with your actual network credentials and server information.

I found this article very handy if you are a beginner for this board and ESP8266

I am a Software Architect | AI, Data Science, IoT, Cloud ⌨️ 👨🏽 💻

I love to learn and share the knowledge. Thank you.